What is a volcano? A) A deep ocean trench B) An opening in the Earth’s crust through which magma escapes C) A type of earthquake D) A mountain made of ice Answer: B) An opening in the Earth’s crust through which magma escapes
Molten rock beneath the Earth’s surface is called: A) Lava B) Magma C) Ash D) Basalt Answer: B) Magma
Molten rock that reaches the Earth’s surface is called: A) Magma B) Granite C) Lava D) Crust Answer: C) Lava
Which layer of the Earth contains magma? A) Crust B) Mantle C) Core D) Atmosphere Answer: B) Mantle
The point inside the Earth where an earthquake originates is called: A) Epicenter B) Focus C) Fault D) Crater Answer: B) Focus
The point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus is called: A) Fault B) Crater C) Epicenter D) Ridge Answer: C) Epicenter
Earthquakes are primarily caused by: A) Rainfall B) Wind C) Movement of tectonic plates D) Sunlight Answer: C) Movement of tectonic plates
The instrument used to record earthquakes is: A) Thermometer B) Barometer C) Seismograph D) Hygrometer Answer: C) Seismograph
The magnitude of an earthquake is commonly measured using: A) Celsius Scale B) Richter Scale C) Kelvin Scale D) Beaufort Scale Answer: B) Richter Scale
A crack in the Earth’s crust along which movement occurs is called: A) Plateau B) Valley C) Fault D) Basin Answer: C) Fault
Which of the following is an active volcano? A) Fuji B) K2 C) Everest D) Nanga Parbat Answer: A) Fuji
Volcanic ash consists mainly of: A) Water droplets B) Fine rock particles C) Ice crystals D) Sand dunes Answer: B) Fine rock particles
Which type of volcano erupts frequently? A) Active volcano B) Dormant volcano C) Extinct volcano D) Fold mountain Answer: A) Active volcano
A dormant volcano is one that: A) Erupts daily B) Has never erupted C) Is temporarily inactive but may erupt again D) Cannot erupt again Answer: C) Is temporarily inactive but may erupt again
An extinct volcano is one that: A) Erupts continuously B) Is likely to erupt soon C) Will never erupt again D) Produces earthquakes daily Answer: C) Will never erupt again
Which country is known as the “Land of Volcanoes”? A) Egypt B) Indonesia C) Pakistan D) Canada Answer: B) Indonesia
The shaking of the ground during an earthquake is caused by: A) Ocean currents B) Seismic waves C) Winds D) Rainfall Answer: B) Seismic waves
Which waves travel fastest during an earthquake? A) Surface waves B) S-waves C) P-waves D) Tidal waves Answer: C) P-waves
Which waves cannot travel through liquids? A) P-waves B) S-waves C) Radio waves D) Light waves Answer: B) S-waves
The Pacific Ring of Fire is famous for: A) Forests B) Volcanoes and earthquakes C) Deserts D) Rivers Answer: B) Volcanoes and earthquakes
Tsunamis are often caused by: A) Snowfall B) Desert storms C) Undersea earthquakes D) Droughts Answer: C) Undersea earthquakes
Which gas is commonly released during volcanic eruptions? A) Nitrogen only B) Oxygen only C) Carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide D) Helium only Answer: C) Carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide
The opening at the top of a volcano is called: A) Fault B) Crater C) Ridge D) Plateau Answer: B) Crater
Earthquakes are most common near: A) Plate boundaries B) Lakes C) Forests D) Plains Answer: A) Plate boundaries
Which earthquake wave causes the greatest destruction? A) P-wave B) S-wave C) Surface wave D) Sound wave Answer: C) Surface wave
The science that studies earthquakes is called: A) Geology B) Meteorology C) Seismology D) Oceanography Answer: C) Seismology
What is lava mainly composed of? A) Molten rock B) Ice C) Water D) Air Answer: A) Molten rock
Which of the following can result from volcanic eruptions? A) Fertile soil formation B) Air pollution C) Loss of life and property D) All of the above Answer: D) All of the above
The 2005 major earthquake in Pakistan mainly affected: A) Karachi B) Lahore C) Muzaffarabad region D) Quetta only Answer: C) Muzaffarabad region
Which safety action is recommended during an earthquake? A) Stand near windows B) Run toward elevators C) Drop, Cover, and Hold On D) Climb onto the roof immediately Answer: C) Drop, Cover, and Hold On