Nutrition

1. Which vitamin is essential for calcium absorption in humans?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin D ✅
C) Vitamin K
D) Vitamin E
Lactose intolerance is caused by the deficiency of which enzyme?
A) Maltase
B) Sucrase
C) Lactase ✅
D) Amylase
Kwashiorkor is primarily associated with deficiency of:
A) Carbohydrates
B) Proteins ✅
C) Fats
D) Vitamins
The primary site of nutrient absorption in humans is:
A) Stomach
B) Small intestine ✅
C) Large intestine
D) Esophagus
Essential fatty acids cannot be synthesized by the human body. Which of the following is essential?
A) Oleic acid
B) Linoleic acid ✅
C) Palmitic acid
D) Stearic acid
Which macronutrient yields the highest energy per gram?
A) Carbohydrates
B) Proteins
C) Fats ✅
D) Vitamins
Vitamin B12 deficiency leads to:
A) Scurvy
B) Beriberi
C) Pernicious anemia ✅
D) Rickets
Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?
A) Vitamin D
B) Vitamin E
C) Vitamin C ✅
D) Vitamin K
The process by which plants convert inorganic nitrogen into amino acids is called:
A) Nitrogen fixation ✅
B) Nitrification
C) Ammonification
D) Denitrification
Phytochemicals such as flavonoids act primarily as:
A) Energy sources
B) Antioxidants ✅
C) Structural components
D) Hormones
Goiter is caused by deficiency of:
A) Iodine ✅
B) Iron
C) Zinc
D) Calcium
Which nutrient is stored in the liver as glycogen?
A) Lipid
B) Protein
C) Carbohydrate ✅
D) Vitamin
The majority of dietary fiber is:
A) Soluble fiber
B) Insoluble fiber ✅
C) Starch
D) Pectin
Scurvy results from the deficiency of:
A) Vitamin B1
B) Vitamin C ✅
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin A
Which mineral is a key component of hemoglobin?
A) Magnesium
B) Iron ✅
C) Calcium
D) Sodium
The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is mainly influenced by:
A) Age, sex, and thyroid hormone ✅
B) Protein intake
C) Water intake
D) Carbohydrate intake
Night blindness is caused by the deficiency of:
A) Vitamin A ✅
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin E
D) Vitamin K
Trans fats are primarily associated with:
A) Improved cardiovascular health
B) Increased LDL cholesterol ✅
C) Muscle development
D) Bone strength
Which nutrient deficiency is commonly associated with pica?
A) Vitamin A
B) Iron ✅
C) Vitamin B12
D) Calcium
The primary function of dietary fiber is:
A) Provide energy
B) Aid in digestion and bowel movement ✅
C) Protein synthesis
D) Vitamin absorption
Beriberi results from deficiency of:
A) Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) ✅
B) Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
C) Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
D) Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
Which of the following is a complete protein source?
A) Rice
B) Soybeans ✅
C) Corn
D) Wheat
Essential amino acids must be obtained from:
A) Endogenous synthesis
B) Diet ✅
C) Microbiota
D) Sunlight
The main energy currency of cells is:
A) DNA
B) ATP ✅
C) RNA
D) Glucose
Excess intake of vitamin A can cause:
A) Hypervitaminosis A ✅
B) Scurvy
C) Night blindness
D) Anemia
Zinc deficiency can lead to:
A) Impaired wound healing ✅
B) Night blindness
C) Rickets
D) Scurvy
The major form of energy storage in humans is:
A) Glycogen and triglycerides ✅
B) Glucose
C) Proteins
D) Vitamins
The term “malnutrition” refers to:
A) Excess nutrient intake only
B) Deficient or imbalanced nutrient intake ✅
C) Only protein deficiency
D) Only vitamin deficiency
Calcium absorption is enhanced by:
A) Phytic acid
B) Vitamin D ✅
C) Oxalate
D) Tannins
Which of the following is a non-caloric nutrient?
A) Fat
B) Carbohydrate
C) Vitamin ✅
D) Protein
Linoleic and linolenic acids are types of:
A) Saturated fatty acids
B) Unsaturated fatty acids ✅
C) Trans fatty acids
D) Cholesterol
Excessive intake of which mineral can cause hyperkalemia?
A) Sodium
B) Potassium ✅
C) Calcium
D) Iron
Probiotics are:
A) Vitamins
B) Live beneficial bacteria ✅
C) Minerals
D) Proteins
The main carbohydrate in human blood is:
A) Fructose
B) Sucrose
C) Glucose ✅
D) Lactose
Pellagra is caused by deficiency of:
A) Niacin (Vitamin B3) ✅
B) Thiamine
C) Riboflavin
D) Folate
The main function of vitamin K is:
A) Bone formation
B) Blood clotting ✅
C) Vision
D) Collagen synthesis
Which vitamin is important for collagen synthesis?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C ✅
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin K
Which type of nutrient is required in minute amounts but is essential?
A) Macronutrients
B) Micronutrients ✅
C) Fiber
D) Proteins
Omega-3 fatty acids are primarily found in:
A) Red meat
B) Fish oil ✅
C) Butter
D) Rice
Which sugar is directly absorbed into the bloodstream?
A) Sucrose
B) Glucose ✅
C) Starch
D) Lactose
Which nutrient deficiency can lead to rickets?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin D ✅
C) Vitamin K
D) Iron
The main role of iron in humans is:
A) Hormone synthesis
B) Oxygen transport ✅
C) Energy storage
D) Collagen formation
Malnutrition can lead to stunted growth primarily due to deficiency of:
A) Vitamins
B) Proteins ✅
C) Carbohydrates
D) Fats
Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?
A) Vitamin C
B) Vitamin A ✅
C) Vitamin B1
D) Vitamin B12
Which organ is responsible for bile production aiding lipid digestion?
A) Pancreas
B) Liver ✅
C) Stomach
D) Small intestine
The primary sugar stored in the liver is:
A) Sucrose
B) Glycogen ✅
C) Fructose
D) Lactose
Anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency is:
A) Iron-deficiency anemia
B) Pernicious anemia ✅
C) Sickle-cell anemia
D) Aplastic anemia
Goitrogenic foods interfere with:
A) Iron absorption
B) Iodine utilization ✅
C) Vitamin D synthesis
D) Protein digestion
The term “calorie” in nutrition refers to:
A) Amount of protein
B) Energy content of food ✅
C) Vitamin content
D) Water content
50. Which of the following is NOT a macronutrient?
A) Protein
B) Fat
C) Vitamin ✅
D) Carbohydrate