Mammalian Gametogensis and Fertilization,

51. During spermatogenesis, which is the first haploid cell formed?
A) Spermatogonium
B) Primary spermatocyte
C) Secondary spermatocyte ✅
D) Spermatid
Which structure in oocyte produces cortical granules?
A) Golgi apparatus ✅
B) Endoplasmic reticulum
C) Nucleus
D) Mitochondria
The process by which spermatids mature into motile sperm is called:
A) Spermatogenesis
B) Spermiogenesis ✅
C) Oogenesis
D) Capacitation
Which hormone maintains the corpus luteum after fertilization?
A) Progesterone
B) hCG ✅
C) LH
D) FSH
The acrosome is derived from:
A) Centriole
B) Golgi apparatus ✅
C) Endoplasmic reticulum
D) Mitochondria
Which stage of meiosis is completed just before ovulation?
A) Prophase I
B) Metaphase I
C) Metaphase II ✅
D) Anaphase II
Sperm binding to the zona pellucida triggers:
A) Cortical reaction
B) Acrosome reaction ✅
C) Fertilization
D) Ovulation
Which is the site of sperm maturation and storage?
A) Seminiferous tubules
B) Epididymis ✅
C) Vas deferens
D) Testis
The primary oocyte is surrounded by which cells?
A) Sertoli cells
B) Granulosa cells ✅
C) Leydig cells
D) Theca cells
Which hormone is responsible for development of male secondary sexual characteristics?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Testosterone ✅
D) FSH
The cortical reaction is triggered by:
A) Sperm penetration ✅
B) LH surge
C) Estrogen
D) FSH
During fertilization, the second meiotic division of oocyte is completed:
A) Before ovulation
B) After sperm entry ✅
C) At puberty
D) During implantation
The male gamete contributes mainly:
A) Cytoplasm
B) DNA ✅
C) Organelles
D) Ribosomes
Which of the following cells secrete androgen-binding protein (ABP)?
A) Leydig cells
B) Sertoli cells ✅
C) Spermatogonia
D) Spermatids
The main function of LH in males is to:
A) Stimulate Sertoli cells
B) Stimulate Leydig cells ✅
C) Promote sperm release
D) Maintain blood-testis barrier
Which hormone causes maturation of the ovarian follicle?
A) FSH ✅
B) LH
C) Progesterone
D) Testosterone
Polyspermy is prevented by:
A) Zona reaction ✅
B) Cortical reaction
C) Both A and B ✅
D) Neither A nor B
The fusion of male and female pronuclei results in:
A) Zygote ✅
B) Morula
C) Blastocyst
D) Gamete
The acrosomal process is essential for:
A) Sperm motility
B) Zona penetration ✅
C) Mitochondrial energy
D) Cytoplasm exchange
Leydig cells are located in:
A) Seminiferous tubules
B) Interstitial tissue ✅
C) Epididymis
D) Vas deferens
Which of the following is true about human oogenesis?
A) Continues after menopause
B) Arrested at prophase I from fetal life until ovulation ✅
C) Produces four ova per cycle
D) Does not involve meiosis
Fertilization restores diploidy by combining:
A) Two haploid pronuclei ✅
B) Two diploid cells
C) Sperm tail and oocyte cytoplasm
D) Polar bodies
Which organelle in sperm provides ATP for motility?
A) Acrosome
B) Nucleus
C) Mitochondria ✅
D) Golgi apparatus
Human spermatozoa are produced at a rate of approximately:
A) 10 million/day
B) 50 million/day
C) 100 million/day ✅
D) 1 billion/day
Secondary spermatocytes are:
A) Diploid
B) Haploid ✅
C) Tetraploid
D) Polyploid
Capacitation leads to:
A) Tail loss
B) Acrosome formation
C) Increased sperm motility and fertilization ability ✅
D) Spermatid formation
Fertilization normally occurs in which part of the female reproductive tract?
A) Ovary
B) Ampulla of fallopian tube ✅
C) Uterus
D) Cervix
Oocytes are arrested in prophase I during:
A) Embryonic development ✅
B) Puberty
C) Fertilization
D) Ovulation
Which cells form the blood-testis barrier?
A) Leydig cells
B) Sertoli cells ✅
C) Spermatogonia
D) Spermatocytes
The sperm head contains:
A) Mitochondria
B) Acrosome and nucleus ✅
C) Centriole
D) Flagellum
Human gametogenesis is regulated by:
A) FSH and LH ✅
B) Progesterone only
C) Testosterone only
D) Estrogen only
Zona pellucida glycoproteins involved in sperm recognition are:
A) ZP1, ZP2, ZP3 ✅
B) ABP, LH, FSH
C) Estrogen, Progesterone
D) Acrosin, Hyaluronidase
The sperm tail develops from:
A) Mitochondria
B) Centriole ✅
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Nucleus
The number of spermatids formed from one primary spermatocyte is:
A) 2
B) 4 ✅
C) 1
D) 8
Which hormone surge triggers ovulation?
A) FSH
B) LH ✅
C) Progesterone
D) Estrogen
The first polar body is formed:
A) During meiosis I ✅
B) During meiosis II
C) After fertilization
D) During spermiogenesis
Cortical granules prevent:
A) Sperm motility
B) Polyspermy ✅
C) Ovulation
D) Fertilization
Which hormone is secreted by Sertoli cells to inhibit FSH?
A) Testosterone
B) Inhibin ✅
C) LH
D) Progesterone
Primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis I to produce:
A) Spermatogonia
B) Spermatids
C) Secondary spermatocytes ✅
D) Oocytes
During oogenesis, meiosis II completes:
A) Before ovulation
B) After fertilization ✅
C) During puberty
D) During menstrual cycle
Sperm capacitation occurs in:
A) Testis
B) Epididymis
C) Female reproductive tract ✅
D) Seminiferous tubules
The acrosome contains which enzyme critical for fertilization?
A) Amylase
B) Hyaluronidase ✅
C) Lipase
D) Protease
The secondary oocyte is released during:
A) Ovulation ✅
B) Menstruation
C) Fertilization
D) Implantation
Which of the following provides structural support to developing oocyte?
A) Theca cells
B) Granulosa cells ✅
C) Sertoli cells
D) Leydig cells
Which stage of meiosis produces genetic variation in gametes?
A) Metaphase II
B) Prophase I ✅
C) Telophase I
D) Anaphase II
How many sperm actually fertilize the oocyte?
A) One ✅
B) Two
C) Three
D) Many
Male gametes are haploid due to:
A) Mitosis
B) Meiosis ✅
C) Fertilization
D) Binary fission
Which hormone initiates follicle growth in ovary?
A) LH
B) FSH ✅
C) Progesterone
D) Testosterone
During fertilization, which structure of sperm enters oocyte?
A) Tail
B) Midpiece
C) Head ✅
D) Acrosome
Which cells secrete testosterone in testes?
A) Sertoli cells
B) Leydig cells ✅
C) Spermatogonia
D) Spermatids