1. During spermatogenesis, the first meiotic division produces:
A) Four spermatids
B) Two primary spermatocytes
C) Two secondary spermatocytes ✅
D) One spermatid
The hormone primarily responsible for initiating spermatogenesis is:
A) FSH ✅
B) LH
C) Testosterone
D) Progesterone
Which cells provide structural and nutritional support to developing sperm?
A) Leydig cells
B) Sertoli cells ✅
C) Spermatogonia
D) Granulosa cells
Primary oocytes are arrested in which stage until puberty?
A) Metaphase I
B) Prophase I ✅
C) Anaphase I
D) Telophase I
Which structure allows sperm to penetrate the oocyte during fertilization?
A) Acrosome ✅
B) Nucleus
C) Flagellum
D) Midpiece
What is the haploid stage of male gametes before maturation?
A) Spermatogonia
B) Primary spermatocyte
C) Secondary spermatocyte ✅
D) Spermatid
Which hormone triggers ovulation in mammals?
A) FSH
B) LH ✅
C) Estrogen
D) Progesterone
The zona pellucida is primarily composed of:
A) Lipids
B) Glycoproteins ✅
C) DNA
D) Polysaccharides
Which stage of oogenesis is completed only after fertilization?
A) Primary oocyte
B) Secondary oocyte
C) Second meiotic division ✅
D) First meiotic division
Capacitation of sperm occurs in:
A) Testis
B) Epididymis
C) Female reproductive tract ✅
D) Seminiferous tubules
Which process results in genetic recombination during gametogenesis?
A) Independent assortment
B) Crossing over ✅
C) Fertilization
D) Spermiogenesis
Leydig cells secrete:
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Testosterone ✅
D) FSH
Which of the following is true about polar bodies?
A) They contribute to zygote cytoplasm
B) They degenerate ✅
C) They form sperm
D) They trigger ovulation
The first polar body is formed after:
A) Completion of meiosis I ✅
B) Completion of meiosis II
C) Fertilization
D) Spermiogenesis
Which enzyme in the sperm acrosome helps digest the zona pellucida?
A) Hyaluronidase ✅
B) Protease
C) Lipase
D) Amylase
Spermatogenesis begins at:
A) Birth
B) Puberty ✅
C) Fetal life
D) Menopause
The term “oogonium” refers to:
A) Primary oocyte
B) Immature female germ cell ✅
C) Secondary oocyte
D) Polar body
The main function of FSH in females is:
A) Stimulate ovulation
B) Stimulate follicle development ✅
C) Produce progesterone
D) Maintain pregnancy
Which of the following is NOT a phase of spermiogenesis?
A) Golgi phase
B) Cap phase
C) Acrosomal phase
D) Follicular phase ✅
Sperm binding to the zona pellucida is mediated by:
A) Sperm head proteins ✅
B) Sperm tail proteins
C) Midpiece proteins
D) Mitochondrial proteins
Which structure in sperm provides energy for motility?
A) Acrosome
B) Nucleus
C) Mitochondria in midpiece ✅
D) Golgi apparatus
Fertilization in humans typically occurs in:
A) Ovary
B) Uterus
C) Fallopian tube ✅
D) Cervix
Which hormone is primarily secreted by the corpus luteum?
A) FSH
B) Estrogen
C) Progesterone ✅
D) LH
During oogenesis, how many viable ova are produced from one primary oocyte?
A) 1 ✅
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
The acrosome reaction is triggered by:
A) Contact with oocyte membrane
B) Contact with zona pellucida ✅
C) LH surge
D) Estrogen
Crossing over occurs during which stage of meiosis?
A) Metaphase I
B) Prophase I ✅
C) Anaphase I
D) Telophase I
The sperm capacitation process involves:
A) Gaining motility and fertilizing ability ✅
B) Loss of tail
C) Formation of acrosome
D) Division into spermatids
Oocytes are arrested in metaphase II until:
A) Ovulation
B) Fertilization ✅
C) Puberty
D) Menopause
The fusion of male and female pronuclei forms:
A) Secondary oocyte
B) Zygote ✅
C) Morula
D) Blastocyst
Which of the following is true about Sertoli cells?
A) Produce testosterone
B) Form blood-testis barrier ✅
C) Undergo meiosis
D) Form sperm tail
What type of cell division produces gametes?
A) Mitosis
B) Meiosis ✅
C) Binary fission
D) Budding
Which of the following is a female sex hormone?
A) Testosterone
B) Progesterone ✅
C) FSH
D) LH
In spermiogenesis, the tail develops from:
A) Centriole ✅
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Mitochondria
D) Nucleus
Which structure prevents polyspermy?
A) Corona radiata
B) Cortical granules ✅
C) Follicular cells
D) Endometrium
Which of the following occurs first in fertilization?
A) Cortical reaction
B) Sperm binding to zona pellucida ✅
C) Pronuclear fusion
D) Cleavage
How long can human sperm survive in the female reproductive tract?
A) 12–24 hours
B) 2–3 days ✅
C) 7 days
D) 1 week
Which hormone stimulates testosterone production by Leydig cells?
A) FSH
B) LH ✅
C) GnRH
D) Progesterone
Spermiation refers to:
A) Division of spermatogonia
B) Release of mature sperm into lumen ✅
C) Formation of spermatids
D) Formation of primary spermatocytes
Which layer of the oocyte is responsible for sperm recognition?
A) Corona radiata
B) Zona pellucida ✅
C) Cytoplasm
D) Follicular cells
What is the ploidy of secondary oocytes?
A) Diploid
B) Haploid ✅
C) Tetraploid
D) Triploid
Which cell type in testes secretes inhibin?
A) Leydig cells
B) Sertoli cells ✅
C) Spermatogonia
D) Spermatids
The sperm midpiece contains:
A) Nucleus
B) Centriole
C) Mitochondria ✅
D) Acrosome
During human fertilization, which structure penetrates the oocyte first?
A) Midpiece
B) Tail
C) Acrosomal vesicle ✅
D) Mitochondria
Which process ensures haploid gametes contain genetic variation?
A) DNA replication
B) Crossing over ✅
C) Cytokinesis
D) Fertilization
Ovulation is triggered by a surge in:
A) FSH
B) LH ✅
C) Progesterone
D) Testosterone
How many sperm typically reach the secondary oocyte in humans?
A) 10–100
B) 1000–2000
C) Thousands, but only one fertilizes ✅
D) All ejaculated sperm
The cortical reaction in oocyte prevents:
A) Polyspermy ✅
B) Fertilization
C) Ovulation
D) Zona pellucida formation
Primary spermatocytes are:
A) Haploid
B) Diploid ✅
C) Triploid
D) Tetraploid
Which is the longest phase of oogenesis?
A) Oogonium stage
B) Arrest in prophase I ✅
C) Secondary oocyte
D) Ovulation
50. Fertilization restores the diploid chromosome number:
A) Before meiosis
B) After sperm