101. Which SQL clause is used to limit results?
A) LIMIT
B) TOP
C) RANGE
D) BOTH A and B
Answer: D
Which command renames a table?
A) CHANGE
B) RENAME
C) ALTER
D) MODIFY
Answer: B
Which keyword is used to remove duplicates?
A) UNIQUE
B) DISTINCT
C) PRIMARY
D) FILTER
Answer: B
Which of the following is a constraint?
A) PRIMARY KEY
B) FOREIGN KEY
C) NOT NULL
D) All of these
Answer: D
Which constraint ensures a column cannot be empty?
A) UNIQUE
B) NOT NULL
C) CHECK
D) DEFAULT
Answer: B
Which constraint assigns default value?
A) DEFAULT
B) UNIQUE
C) CHECK
D) PRIMARY
Answer: A
Which command deletes structure and data?
A) DELETE
B) TRUNCATE
C) DROP
D) REMOVE
Answer: C
Which command deletes only data?
A) DROP
B) DELETE
C) CREATE
D) ALTER
Answer: B
Which command removes all rows quickly?
A) DELETE
B) DROP
C) TRUNCATE
D) REMOVE
Answer: C
A cursor is used to:
A) Store data
B) Fetch rows one by one
C) Delete rows
D) Update table
Answer: B
A trigger is:
A) Manual action
B) Automatic action
C) Query
D) Table
Answer: B
Trigger executes:
A) Before or after event
B) Only before event
C) Only after event
D) Never
Answer: A
A stored procedure is:
A) Program in DB
B) Table
C) Key
D) View
Answer: A
Which is used to store queries?
A) View
B) Table
C) Index
D) Key
Answer: A
A view does not store:
A) Data
B) Query
C) Structure
D) Name
Answer: A
Which is a temporary table?
A) View
B) Temp table
C) Index
D) Key
Answer: B
Which of the following is data dictionary?
A) Metadata
B) Raw data
C) Table
D) Index
Answer: A
Metadata means:
A) Data about data
B) Data duplication
C) Data deletion
D) Data update
Answer: A
Which command gives all privileges?
A) GRANT ALL
B) GRANT
C) ALLOW
D) PERMIT
Answer: A
Which command removes all privileges?
A) REVOKE ALL
B) REVOKE
C) DENY
D) CANCEL
Answer: A
Which is not an aggregate function?
A) SUM
B) COUNT
C) AVG
D) SELECT
Answer: D
Which SQL statement is used to create index?
A) CREATE INDEX
B) ADD INDEX
C) MAKE INDEX
D) INSERT INDEX
Answer: A
Index improves:
A) Performance
B) Redundancy
C) Complexity
D) Size
Answer: A
Which key allows duplicate values?
A) Primary
B) Unique
C) Foreign
D) Candidate
Answer: C
Which key cannot have duplicate values?
A) Foreign
B) Primary
C) Composite
D) Secondary
Answer: B
Candidate key is:
A) Primary key
B) Possible primary key
C) Foreign key
D) Composite key
Answer: B
Super key is:
A) Minimal key
B) Unique identifier set
C) Foreign key
D) Composite key
Answer: B
Which key is selected from candidate keys?
A) Super key
B) Primary key
C) Foreign key
D) Alternate key
Answer: B
Alternate key is:
A) Selected primary key
B) Remaining candidate keys
C) Foreign key
D) Super key
Answer: B
Which is not a DBMS component?
A) Hardware
B) Software
C) Data
D) Printer
Answer: D
Which DBMS supports transactions?
A) MySQL
B) Oracle
C) SQL Server
D) All of these
Answer: D
Which of the following is cloud database?
A) Firebase
B) MySQL
C) Oracle
D) SQL Server
Answer: A
Which database is document-based?
A) MySQL
B) MongoDB
C) Oracle
D) SQL Server
Answer: B
Which database uses key-value pairs?
A) Redis
B) MySQL
C) Oracle
D) PostgreSQL
Answer: A
Which database is column-oriented?
A) Cassandra
B) MySQL
C) Oracle
D) SQL Server
Answer: A
Which DBMS stores graph data?
A) Neo4j
B) MySQL
C) Oracle
D) SQL Server
Answer: A
Big data uses:
A) SQL
B) NoSQL
C) Flat file
D) Excel
Answer: B
Which is not a NoSQL type?
A) Document
B) Key-value
C) Relational
D) Graph
Answer: C
Which ensures security?
A) Authentication
B) Authorization
C) Encryption
D) All of these
Answer: D
Authentication means:
A) Permission
B) Identity verification
C) Data encryption
D) Backup
Answer: B
Authorization means:
A) Identity check
B) Permission
C) Data storage
D) Backup
Answer: B
Encryption means:
A) Data deletion
B) Data protection
C) Data update
D) Data insertion
Answer: B
Backup types include:
A) Full
B) Incremental
C) Differential
D) All of these
Answer: D
Recovery means:
A) Data deletion
B) Data restoration
C) Data insertion
D) Data update
Answer: B
Which failure is due to power loss?
A) System failure
B) Media failure
C) Application failure
D) Network failure
Answer: A
Which failure damages storage?
A) Media failure
B) System failure
C) Application failure
D) Query failure
Answer: A
Concurrency means:
A) Single user
B) Multiple users
C) No user
D) Limited user
Answer: B
Deadlock occurs when:
A) No transaction
B) Two transactions wait
C) One transaction runs
D) Data deleted
Answer: B
Which technique avoids deadlock?
A) Locking
B) Timeout
C) Detection
D) All of these
Answer: D
150. Locking is used for:
A) Security
B) Concurrency control
C) Backup
D) Recovery
Answer: B