1. Who is known as the Father of Genetics?
A) Charles Darwin
B) Gregor Mendel
C) Louis Pasteur
D) Watson
Answer: B) Gregor Mendel
2. The basic unit of heredity is called:
A) Chromosome
B) Gene
C) DNA
D) Cell
Answer: B) Gene
3. The structure of DNA was discovered by:
A) Gregor Mendel and Darwin
B) James Watson and Francis Crick
C) Lamarck and Mendel
D) Pasteur and Darwin
Answer: B) James Watson and Francis Crick
4. DNA stands for:
A) Deoxyribonucleic Acid
B) Dinucleic Acid
C) Double Nitrogen Acid
D) Deoxynitric Acid
Answer: A) Deoxyribonucleic Acid
5. The different forms of a gene are called:
A) Traits
B) Alleles
C) Chromosomes
D) Genotypes
Answer: B) Alleles
6. An organism with two identical alleles is called:
A) Heterozygous
B) Homozygous
C) Hybrid
D) Dominant
Answer: B) Homozygous
7. An organism with two different alleles is called:
A) Homozygous
B) Dominant
C) Heterozygous
D) Recessive
Answer: C) Heterozygous
8. The physical appearance of a trait is known as:
A) Genotype
B) Phenotype
C) Allele
D) Chromatid
Answer: B) Phenotype
9. The genetic makeup of an organism is called:
A) Phenotype
B) Genotype
C) Trait
D) Character
Answer: B) Genotype
10. A dominant trait is expressed when:
A) Only recessive alleles are present
B) At least one dominant allele is present
C) Both alleles are recessive
D) No allele is present
Answer: B) At least one dominant allele is present
11. A recessive trait appears only when:
A) One dominant allele is present
B) Two dominant alleles are present
C) Both alleles are recessive
D) One allele is missing
Answer: C) Both alleles are recessive
12. The law of segregation was proposed by:
A) Charles Darwin
B) Gregor Mendel
C) Thomas Hunt Morgan
D) Louis Pasteur
Answer: B) Gregor Mendel
13. Genes are located on:
A) Ribosomes
B) Chromosomes
C) Cytoplasm
D) Mitochondria
Answer: B) Chromosomes
14. Humans normally have how many pairs of chromosomes?
A) 21
B) 22
C) 23
D) 24
Answer: C) 23
15. The process by which DNA makes a copy of itself is called:
A) Translation
B) Replication
C) Transcription
D) Mutation
Answer: B) Replication
16. RNA differs from DNA because RNA contains:
A) Thymine
B) Deoxyribose sugar
C) Uracil
D) Double strand
Answer: C) Uracil
17. The shape of DNA is known as:
A) Single helix
B) Double helix
C) Spiral ladder
D) Triple strand
Answer: B) Double helix
18. A change in the DNA sequence is called:
A) Replication
B) Mutation
C) Translation
D) Fertilization
Answer: B) Mutation
19. A cross involving one trait is called:
A) Dihybrid cross
B) Monohybrid cross
C) Trihybrid cross
D) Test cross
Answer: B) Monohybrid cross
20. A cross involving two traits is called:
A) Monohybrid cross
B) Back cross
C) Dihybrid cross
D) Test cross
Answer: C) Dihybrid cross
21. The observable characteristics controlled by genes are called:
A) Traits
B) Alleles
C) Chromosomes
D) Enzymes
Answer: A) Traits
22. Which nitrogen base is found only in DNA?
A) Adenine
B) Cytosine
C) Thymine
D) Uracil
Answer: C) Thymine
23. Which nitrogen base is found only in RNA?
A) Thymine
B) Uracil
C) Cytosine
D) Adenine
Answer: B) Uracil
24. The functional product of a gene is usually a:
A) Lipid
B) Protein
C) Vitamin
D) Sugar
Answer: B) Protein
25. The process of forming mRNA from DNA is called:
A) Translation
B) Replication
C) Transcription
D) Mutation
Answer: C) Transcription
26. The process of forming protein from mRNA is called:
A) Replication
B) Transcription
C) Translation
D) Mutation
Answer: C) Translation
27. Sex chromosomes in humans are:
A) 22 pairs
B) 1 pair
C) 2 pairs
D) 23 pairs
Answer: B) 1 pair
28. The combination of alleles for a particular trait is written as:
A) TT or Tt
B) DNA
C) RNA
D) Cell
Answer: A) TT or Tt
29. An organism produced from parents with different traits is called:
A) Pure line
B) Hybrid
C) Clone
D) Mutant
Answer: B) Hybrid
30. The passing of traits from parents to offspring is known as:
A) Mutation
B) Fertilization
C) Heredity
D) Replication
Answer: C) Heredity