1. Soap is chemically a:
A) Salt of weak acid and strong base
B) Salt of strong acid and weak base
C) Salt of fatty acid and strong base
D) Ester
Answer: C
2. The process of making soap from fats and oils is called:
A) Neutralization
B) Saponification
C) Oxidation
D) Fermentation
Answer: B
3. Which of the following is commonly used in soap making?
A) NaCl
B) NaOH
C) HCl
D) H₂SO₄
Answer: B
4. Soaps are not effective in hard water because they form:
A) Foam
B) Precipitate (scum)
C) Gas
D) Acid
Answer: B
5. The cleansing action of soap is due to formation of:
A) Crystals
B) Emulsions
C) Gases
D) Salts
Answer: B
6. The hydrophilic end of soap molecule is:
A) Hydrocarbon chain
B) Carboxylate ion
C) Alkyl group
D) Benzene ring
Answer: B
7. The hydrophobic part of soap molecule is:
A) –COO⁻ group
B) –OH group
C) Long hydrocarbon chain
D) –NH₂ group
Answer: C
8. Synthetic detergents are usually made from:
A) Animal fats
B) Vegetable oils
C) Petrochemicals
D) Starch
Answer: C
9. Detergents work well in hard water because they:
A) Do not form insoluble salts
B) Form scum
C) React with calcium ions
D) Produce gases
Answer: A
10. Which ion in hard water reacts with soap?
A) Na⁺
B) K⁺
C) Ca²⁺
D) Cl⁻
Answer: C
11. The structure that traps grease during cleaning is called:
A) Ion
B) Micelle
C) Molecule
D) Crystal
Answer: B
12. Sodium stearate is an example of:
A) Detergent
B) Soap
C) Acid
D) Base
Answer: B
13. Which detergent is biodegradable?
A) Branched-chain detergent
B) Linear-chain detergent
C) Plastic
D) Nylon
Answer: B
14. The main disadvantage of non-biodegradable detergents is:
A) High cost
B) Water pollution
C) Low cleaning power
D) Bad smell
Answer: B
15. Soap solution is generally:
A) Acidic
B) Neutral
C) Basic
D) Colorless
Answer: C
16. Which of the following is used to make potassium soap?
A) KOH
B) NaCl
C) CaCO₃
D) HNO₃
Answer: A
17. Potassium soaps are generally:
A) Hard soaps
B) Soft soaps
C) Acidic soaps
D) Powdered soaps
Answer: B
18. The cleansing property of detergents is due to their:
A) Color
B) Smell
C) Surface-active nature
D) Taste
Answer: C
19. Soaps are ineffective in acidic medium because:
A) They dissolve
B) Fatty acids are formed
C) Foam increases
D) They become stronger
Answer: B
20. Which compound is an example of an anionic detergent?
A) Sodium lauryl sulfate
B) Glucose
C) Ethanol
D) Methane
Answer: A
21. Cationic detergents are mainly used as:
A) Fertilizers
B) Antiseptics
C) Fuels
D) Acids
Answer: B
22. The part of detergent that dissolves in water is:
A) Hydrophobic tail
B) Non-polar chain
C) Ionic head
D) Alkyl group
Answer: C
23. Hardness of water is mainly due to presence of:
A) Sodium salts
B) Calcium and magnesium salts
C) Potassium salts
D) Chlorine gas
Answer: B
24. Which of the following increases foam formation?
A) Hard water
B) Soft water
C) Acidic water
D) Salty water
Answer: B
25. The reaction between fat and alkali produces:
A) Alcohol and salt
B) Soap and glycerol
C) Acid and base
D) Water and oil
Answer: B
26. Which of the following is a non-ionic detergent?
A) Alcohol ethoxylate
B) Sodium chloride
C) Hydrochloric acid
D) Sodium hydroxide
Answer: A
27. Soap molecules arrange themselves in water with tails:
A) Facing water
B) Pointing outward
C) Away from water
D) Dissolving completely
Answer: C
28. Addition of common salt during soap preparation helps in:
A) Coloring
B) Precipitating soap
C) Increasing acidity
D) Reducing foam
Answer: B
29. The term ‘surface tension’ is reduced by:
A) Soap and detergents
B) Sugar
C) Sand
D) Oxygen
Answer: A
30. Which of the following is an advantage of detergents over soaps?
A) Cheaper
B) Natural
C) Work in hard water
D) Less soluble
Answer: C